Biology Midterm

RECHARGED: Reproduce Energy (metabolism) Cells/DNA Homeostasis Adaptions Responds to stimuli Grow Evolve Develop

This is an organism that makes its own food and can capture energy from nonliving sources and convert it into usable forms.

This is an organism that obtains energy from the foods it consumes; cannot make its own food and must acquire energy from other organisms.

This is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy (ex. diffusion, osmosis) Substances move from HIGH to LOW concentration

This is the movement of substances across a cell membrane using energy (ex. protein pumps, endocytosis, exocytosis); substances move from LOW to HIGH concentration

The cell theory says that: (1) all living things are made up of cells (2) cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and (3) new cells come from preexisting cells.

This is the site of protein synthesis.

This is a cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.

This is a system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell.

This stores food, water, wastes, and other materials.

This is the rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.

This is the thin, flexible barrier around a cell and it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

This is the part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and is responsible for growth and reproduction.

This is the jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended.

This is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration (an example of passive transport).

This is the movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels.

This is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane (an example of passive transport).

This is the process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane (an example of active transport).

This is the process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane (an example of active transport).

This is all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

This is the process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment.

This is a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

This is a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

This a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

This is the scientific study of interactions of organisms, populations, and communities, and their interactions with the environment.

This process uses light energy to make food.

These are: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphate, and sulfur (CHNOPS).

These are: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Monomers are small molecules which may be joined together in a repeating fashion to form more complex molecules called polymers. Monomers form polymers by forming chemical bonds or binding through a process called polymerization.

These are made up of carbon atoms, hydrogen atoms, and oxygen atoms. Hydrogen and oxygen atoms are most often present in a 2:1 ratio. The basic unit of these is the monosaccharide.

monomer unit of a carbohydrate, simple sugar (ex: glucose)

Polymer unit of a carbohydrate made of many monosaccharides/sugars (ex-starch)

consist of fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes; made of C H and O

These are macromolecules that store genetic information and enable protein production. These include DNA and RNA.

These are composed of building blocks known as amino acids, and 20 amino acids are usually found in living systems.

These are the monomer unit of proteins

include cohesion, adhesion, and its heat capacity.

one end positive electrical charge and the other side has a negative charge. Because of this, it is able to form multiple hydrogen bonds, which account for many of the water's special molecules.

This is the attraction between molecules of the same substance, and it produces surface tension.

This is the attraction of molecules of different substances.

These are very weak attractions between a hydrogen atom and another atom.

Because of hydrogen bonding, this is relatively high. This helps bodies of water become warmer, helping organisms from drastic temperature change.

These are the substances that start a chemical reaction.

These are the substances that are produced in the reaction.

This is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.

This is a specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme.

This is the part of an enzyme where a chemical reaction occurs.

This type of respiration requires oxygen.

This type of respiration does not require oxygen.

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution; water moves out when a cell is placed in this type of solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution; water moves in when a cell is placed in this type of solution

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes

cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes

Water, carbon dioxide, sunlight

glucose and oxygen

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

organelles found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of cellular respiration and energy (ATP) production occur.

main energy source that cells use for most of their work

A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.

cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell; cleans up the cell by digesting worn out cell parts

Process by which cells release energy in the absence of oxygen

proteins that act as biological catalysts; speed up chemical reactions in cells

A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH (among other things).