Industrial Revolution

Steel, chemicals, electricity. This is the name for the new wave of more heavy industrialization starting around the 1860s.

A way to manufacture steel quickly and cheaply by blasting hot air through melted iron to quickly remove impurities.

This scientist received more than 1,300 patents for a range of items including the automatic telegraph machine, the phonograph, improvements to the light bulb, a modernized telephone and motion picture equipment.

Inventor of the telephone

First to achieve a sustained, controlled flight in a powered airplane

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference

people who risk their time, money, and other resources to start and manage a business

businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock

Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a product, from the raw materials to distribution

Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level

a combination of firms or corporations formed by a legal agreement, especially to reduce competition

Process by which a union representing a group of workers negotiates with management for a contract

labor union that sought to organize all workers and focused on broad social reforms

Labor organizer, known as Mother Jones. She fought for coal workers' rights by speaking in Appalachian mining towns, encouraging them to join unions. She also faught for child labor laws.

The first federation of labor unions in the United States. Founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886

1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was brought in to force an end to the strike.

in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing

Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and meanest monopoly known in history

1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed

A Scottish-born American industrialist and philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his company dominated the American steel industry.

a person who seeks to promote the welfare of others, especially by the generous donation of money to good causes.

The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle.

The division of labor that aids the development of skills in a particular type of work

A form of business organization with one owner who takes all the risks and all the profits.

a business organization owned by two or more persons who agree on a specific division of responsibilities and profits

an 1890 law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States

An organization formed by workers to strive for better wages and working conditions

Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs.

A market in which there are many buyers but only one seller.